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The Securities and Exchange Commission is a U.S. federal regulatory agency responsible for overseeing and enforcing federal securities laws, which aim to protect investors, maintain fair and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. Established in 1934, the SEC regulates the securities industry, including stock exchanges, brokerage firms, and investment advisors, ensuring transparency and integrity in financial reporting and trading practices. It oversees public company disclosures, addresses securities fraud, and works to ensure that market participants adhere to legal and ethical standards, thereby fostering investor confidence and market stability.


The SEC PAUSE (Public Alert: Unregistered Soliciting Entities) is a program launched by the SEC to alert investors about firms or individuals that are operating without proper registration and soliciting investments in a potentially fraudulent manner. The PAUSE list highlights entities that are not registered with the SEC or relevant regulatory bodies but are still engaging in securities-related activities or investment solicitations. By providing this alert, the SEC aims to protect investors from potential scams, ensure transparency in the financial markets, and discourage unregistered and potentially unlawful practices. The PAUSE program serves as a critical tool for raising awareness and fostering due diligence among investors.

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SEC PAUSE Program (Public Alert: Unregistered Soliciting Entities) identifies firms and individuals impersonating legitimate entities or promoting investment scams without proper registration.


SEC News Release - SEC-PAUSE-PROGRAM

SEC-PAUSE-PROGRAM

Date: Aug. 13, 2024

Date Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024

Source URL: https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/public-alerts-unregistered-soliciting-entities

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SEC-PR-2024-90

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-90SEC-PR-2024-90 (JUL. 26, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | SEC-PR-2024-90

Securities and Exchange Commission Awards Whistleblower More Than $37 Million

Washington D.C., July 26, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced an award of more than $37 million to a whistleblower whose information and assistance led to a successful SEC enforcement action.

The whistleblower persisted in reporting the misconduct internally, which led the employer to conduct its own investigation and eventually report the results to the Commission. This self-report caused the Commission to open an investigation. Further, without the whistleblower’s ongoing, extensive, and timely assistance, the staff would not have learned the full context and extent of the employer’s misconduct. 

“Today’s whistleblower learned of misconduct and made the difficult decision to report their concerns. This individual, who was retaliated against for their whistleblowing activity, played a crucial role in the ultimate success of the enforcement proceeding,” said Creola Kelly, Chief of the SEC’s Office of the Whistleblower.

Payments to whistleblowers are made out of an investor protection fund, established by Congress, which is financed entirely through monetary sanctions paid to the SEC by securities law violators. Whistleblowers may be eligible for an award when they voluntarily provide the SEC with original, timely, and credible information that leads to a successful enforcement action. Whistleblower awards can range from 10 to 30 percent of the money collected when the monetary sanctions exceed $1 million.

As set forth in the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC protects the confidentiality of whistleblowers and does not disclose any information that could reveal a whistleblower’s identity.

Visit the whistleblower program webpage for more information, including how to report a tip.


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SEC-PR-2024-89

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-89SEC-PR-2024-89 (JUL. 26, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | SEC-PR-2024-89

SEC Charges Andrew Left and Citron Capital for $20 Million Fraud Scheme. Boca Raton short seller used ‘bait-and-switch’ tactics to mislead investors

Washington D.C., July 26, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced charges against activist short seller Andrew Left and his firm, Citron Capital LLC, for engaging in a $20 million multi-year scheme to defraud followers by publishing false and misleading statements regarding his supposed stock trading recommendations.

The SEC’s complaint alleges that Left, who resides in Boca Raton, Fl., used his Citron Research website and related social media platforms on at least 26 occasions to publicly recommend taking long or short positions in 23 companies and held out the positions as consistent with his own and Citron Capital’s positions. The complaint alleges that following Left’s recommendations, the price of the target stocks moved more than 12 percent on average. According to the SEC’s complaint, once the recommendations were issued and the stocks moved, Left and Citron Capital quickly reversed their positions to capitalize on the stock price movements. As a consequence, Left bought back stock immediately after telling his readers to sell, and he sold stock immediately after telling his readers to buy.

“Andrew Left took advantage of his readers. He built their trust and induced them to trade on false pretenses so that he could quickly reverse direction and profit from the price moves following his reports,” said Kate Zoladz, Director of the SEC’s Los Angeles Regional Office. “We uncovered these alleged bait-and-switch tactics, which netted Left and his firm $20 million in ill-gotten profits, and we intend to hold Left and his firm accountable for their actions.”   

The complaint alleges that Left and Citron Capital made several false and misleading statements in connection with the scheme. For example, it alleges that defendants told the market that they would stay long on a target stock until the price hit $65 when, in fact, they immediately began selling the stock at $28. It further alleges that they falsely represented to the market that Citron Research was an independent research outlet that had never received compensation from third parties to publish information about target companies when, in fact, the defendants had entered into compensation arrangements with hedge funds. 

The SEC’s complaint, filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, charges Left and Citron Capital with violating antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws. Among other remedies, the complaint seeks disgorgement, prejudgment interest, and civil monetary penalties against Left and Citron and conduct-based injunctions, an officer-and-director bar, and a penny stock bar against Left.

In a parallel action, the Fraud Section of the Department of Justice and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Central District of California today announced charges against Left.

The SEC previously settled ⊗ (PDF) public administrative charges against Dallas-based registered investment adviser Anson Funds Management LP and Toronto-based exempt reporting adviser Anson Advisors Inc. for conduct involving their relationship with Left and other short publishers.  

The SEC reminds investors to be skeptical and never make investment decisions based solely on information from social media or other unverified platforms.

The SEC’s investigation, which is ongoing, is being conducted by Sarah Nilson and Wendy Pearson and supervised by Finola Manvelian. Carina Chambarry and Michael Barnes in the SEC’s Division of Economic and Risk Analysis and Darren Boerner in the Division of Enforcement’s Market Abuse Unit provided assistance. The litigation will be led by Stephen Kam and Ruth Pinkel and supervised by Doug Miller. The SEC appreciates the assistance of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.


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SEC-PR-2024-88

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-88SEC-PR-2024-88 (JUL. 25, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | SEC-PR-2024-88

Securities and Exchange Commission Charges Virginia Engineer with Orchestrating $30 Million Offering Fraud

Washington D.C., July 25, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged Babu Ramaraj, a resident of Aldie, Virginia, with defrauding more than 70 investors of approximately $31 million through his company, DAB Inspection and Consulting Services LLC.

The SEC’s complaint alleges that, from February 2019 through May 2024, Ramaraj solicited and lured his victims with the promise of 40-60 percent annual investment returns. According to the complaint, Ramaraj falsely told investors that he would use their funds to finance surety and performance bonds for large-scale, lucrative contracts DAB had been awarded to provide quality assurance services to state and local governments. Ramaraj allegedly created fake contracts and financial documentation to support his misrepresentations. The SEC alleges that, in reality, the contracts never existed, and Ramaraj instead used investor funds to purchase luxury automobiles, jewelry, and property, engage in unprofitable options trading, and pay earlier investors.

“As we allege, Ramaraj promised his investors unrealistic returns from government contracts he never had and then used their money to fund his own lifestyle and to make Ponzi-like payments to maintain the deception,” said Scott A. Thompson, Associate Director of Enforcement in the SEC’s Philadelphia Regional Office. “We will continue to hold accountable those who exploit investors’ trust for personal gain.”

The SEC’s complaint, filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, charges Ramaraj with violating antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and seeks an injunction, disgorgement, penalties, and an officer-and-director bar.

In a parallel action, in June 2024, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Virginia announced criminal charges against Ramaraj for wire fraud and unlawful monetary transactions. Those charges are pending.

The SEC’s investigation was conducted by Christine R. O’Neil, Matthew B. Homberger, and Michael A. Cuff in the Philadelphia Regional Office. It was supervised by Brian R. Higgins, Brendan P. McGlynn, Mr. Thompson, and Nicholas P. Grippo. The SEC’s litigation will be led by Karen M. Klotz and Judson Mihok and supervised by Gregory R. Bockin. The SEC appreciates the assistance of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Virginia, the FBI, and the Virginia State Corporation Commission.


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SEC-PR-2024-87

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-87SEC-PR-2024-87 (JUL. 22, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-87

Keith E. Cassidy Named Interim Acting Director of the Division of Examinations

Washington D.C., July 22, 2024 — In response to a previously announced medical issue, the Securities and Exchange Commission today announced that Richard Best, the Director of the Division of Examinations, will take leave from the agency to focus on his health. Keith E. Cassidy, the Division’s Deputy Director, will serve as its interim Acting Director.

“I wish Rich well as he takes time to focus on his health,” said SEC Chair Gary Gensler. “I thank Keith for stepping in again to lead the Division of Examinations.”

In addition to serving as Deputy Director, Mr. Cassidy is the National Associate Director of the Division’s Technology Controls Program (TCP) with responsibility for technology-focused examinations and overseeing the SEC’s CyberWatch program and the Cybersecurity Program Office. Mr. Cassidy also is an infantry officer in the United States Marine Corps Reserve where he is the Commanding Officer of 4th Reconnaissance Battalion. Mr. Cassidy previously served as the Director of the SEC’s Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs and as Chief of Staff and Counsel at the Department of Justice’s Office of Legislative Affairs. Earlier, he served as a legislative assistant in the United States Senate. Mr. Cassidy received his J.D. from the George Washington University Law School, his LL.M. in Securities and Financial Regulation with distinction from Georgetown Law Center, and a B.A. from the University of Virginia.


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SEC-PR-2024-86

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-86SEC-PR-2024-86 (JUL. 19, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-86

SEC Launches Interagency Securities Council to Coordinate Enforcement Efforts Across Federal, State, and Local Agencies

Washington D.C., July 19, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Enforcement this month launched the Interagency Securities Council (ISC), which invites federal, state, and local regulatory and law enforcement professionals to meet quarterly to discuss the latest in scams, trends, frauds, and mitigation strategies.

The ISC’s objective is to strengthen the cohesion between federal, state, and local agencies, enhance opportunities to collaborate on cases to protect investors, provide insight and guidance across the ecosystem to those who may not frequently operate in this space, and create a forum for unified efforts in combatting financial fraud.

The ISC launched with representatives from more than 100 departments and agencies, including federal agencies, state offices of attorneys general and state police, and local police departments and sheriff’s offices.

“The Interagency Securities Council will help front line investigators stay abreast of emerging threats and fact patterns to protect their communities from securities fraud, while supporting the efforts of federal, state, and local law enforcement partners across the country,” said Gurbir S. Grewal, Chair of the ISC and Director of the SEC’s Division of Enforcement.

“As financial frauds become more complex, investors benefit from the government – at all levels – working together and sharing information to protect and inform the public,” said Cristina Martin Firvida, the SEC’s Investor Advocate.

About the Interagency Securities Council

The ISC is open to law enforcement and regulatory agencies, and members participate in discussions with experts on emerging threats, hear from investigators conducting and supervising investigations, and explore case study examples of agencies employing innovative approaches to combat financial fraud. The ISC also serves as an opportunity to connect and share information with the larger law enforcement community that less frequently deals with securities law violations, such as police/sheriff departments and tribal- and military-community law enforcement. 

The SEC’s efforts on the council will be led by Adam Anicich and Manuel Vazquez.

Contact

To learn more about this initiative, or to enroll your department or agency, please contact ISC@sec.gov.


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SEC-PR-2024-56

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-56SEC-PR-2024-56 (MAY. 14, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-56

SEC Seeks Candidates for Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee.

Washington D.C., May 14, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission is seeking candidates to fill a limited number of vacancies on the agency’s Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee ⊗, which provides advice and recommendations to the Commission on rules, regulations, and policy matters relating to small businesses.

The committee was established by the SEC Small Business Advocate Act of 2016 ⊗ (PDF). Consistent with statutory requirements, committee members represent a diverse spectrum of leaders, investors, and advisors who work with early-stage private companies and smaller public companies, including minority- and women-owned small businesses.

The committee advises and consults with the Commission on rules, regulations, and policies as they relate to:

  • Capital raising by emerging, privately held small businesses and publicly traded companies with less than $250 million in public market capitalization;
  • Trading in the securities of emerging companies and smaller public companies; and
  • Public reporting and corporate governance requirements of emerging companies and smaller public companies.

“The SEC’s decision-making benefits from a wide array of inputs, including perspectives of the Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee and its members,” said SEC Chairman Gary Gensler. “I look forward to working with the committee to continue upholding the SEC’s mandate to facilitate capital formation for companies of all sizes, while protecting investors across America.”

Members of the public interested in serving on the committee should promptly email a letter of interest to smallbusiness@sec.gov with applicable information about their relevant experience. The deadline for submissions is June 14, 2024.

Relevant experience may include:

  • Representing emerging companies engaging in private and limited securities offerings or considering an initial public offering (IPO), professional advisors of such companies (including attorneys, accountants, investment bankers, and financial advisors), and investors in such companies;
  • Service as an officer or director of minority-owned small businesses or women-owned small businesses;
  • Representing smaller public companies, the professional advisors of such companies (including attorneys, accountants, investment bankers, and financial advisors), and the pre-IPO and post-IPO investors in such companies; and
  • Representing participants in the marketplace for the securities of emerging companies and smaller public companies, such as securities exchanges, alternative trading systems, analysts, information processors, and transfer agents.

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SEC-PR-2024-27

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-27SEC-PR-2024-27 (FEB. 27, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-27

SEC Announces Departure of William Birdthistle; Natasha Vij Greiner Named Director of the Division of Investment Management

Washington D.C., Feb. 28, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced that William Birdthistle, the Director of the Division of Investment Management, will depart the agency, effective March 8, 2024. Natasha Vij Greiner, currently the Deputy Director of the Division of Examinations, will be named Director of the Division of Investment Management upon Mr. Birdthistle’s departure. The Division oversees regulatory policy for investment advisers and investment companies, including mutual funds and other investment products and services relied upon by retail investors.

“I am grateful to William for his service to the SEC and to the investing public,” said SEC Chair Gary Gensler. “William has overseen our work to strengthen oversight of investment companies and investment advisers – from data reporting to fund names to money market reforms. These reforms will help American investors save for homes, college, and retirement.”

Chair Gensler added, “I thank Natasha for taking on this new role as Division Director. Natasha brings deep and broad expertise to the Division, both having led the agency’s Investment Adviser/Investment Company examination program and having served in other key leadership roles over her more than two decades at the SEC.”

Mr. Birdthistle joined the SEC in December 2021. In his time at the SEC, Mr. Birdthistle oversaw the adoption of major rulemakings related to private fund advisers and their reporting on Form PF, as well as to public funds, including money market fund reforms, tailored shareholder reports, and revisions to the fund Names Rule. He also inaugurated the SEC’s annual Conference on Emerging Trends in Asset Management.

Prior to joining the SEC, Mr. Birdthistle was on the faculty at Chicago-Kent College of Law, where he earned the school’s Excellence in Teaching Award in 2010. He also has served as a visiting professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School, where he won the Award for Teaching Excellence in 2019. Earlier in his career, he practiced law at Ropes & Gray in Boston for five years as a corporate associate in the firm’s investment management practice. Mr. Birdthistle received his J.D. from Harvard Law School, where he served as managing editor of the Harvard Law Review; a B.A. summa cum laude in English and psychology from Duke University in 1995; and an M.A. in history from the University of Chicago in 2021. Following his departure from the SEC, he will rejoin academia.

“Serving at the Securities and Exchange Commission has been the highest honor of my professional career, and I’m tremendously grateful for the inspiration and example set by my dedicated colleagues in the Division of Investment Management,” said Mr. Birdthistle. “I am particularly thankful to Chair Gensler for offering me this opportunity to join a cohort of exemplary public servants in their vigilant stewardship of America’s life savings.”

In addition to serving as Deputy Director of the Division of Examinations, Ms. Greiner is the National Associate Director of the Investment Adviser/Investment Company (IA/IC) examination program, which includes the Private Funds Unit, and is the Associate Director of the Home Office IA/IC examination program. She began her SEC career in the Division of Examinations (formerly OCIE) as a broker-dealer examiner and has served in a variety of roles across the agency for more than 22 years, including Acting Chief Counsel and Assistant Chief Counsel in the Division of Trading and Markets, where she provided legal and policy advice to the Commission on rules affecting market participants and the operation of the securities markets. Before that, Ms. Greiner worked in the Division of Enforcement, including in its Asset Management Unit, where she investigated possible violations of the federal securities laws and litigated matters in federal district court and administrative proceedings. Ms. Greiner received her J.D. from The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law and graduated cum laude with a B.S. degree from James Madison University.

“I am excited for the opportunity to lead the exceptional staff in the Division of Investment Management,” said Ms. Greiner. “I have been fortunate to work with dedicated and talented staff across the agency during my SEC tenure and have a great respect for the staff and the work of the Commission. I look forward to bringing my unique perspective and experience to this new role and continuing to support the SEC’s tripartite mission.”


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SEC-PR-2024-85

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-85SEC-PR-2024-85 (JUL. 12, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-85

Securities and Exchange Commission Awards More Than $37 Million to a Whistleblower

Washington D.C., July 17, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced an award of more than $37 million to a whistleblower who provided information not previously known to the SEC and which significantly contributed to a successful enforcement action. The whistleblower also met with Enforcement staff and identified potential witnesses and documents, which conserved staff time and resources.

“Today’s award illustrates the importance of the SEC’s whistleblower program, as the whistleblower’s information helped the agency return millions of dollars to harmed investors,” said Creola Kelly, Chief of the SEC’s Office of the Whistleblower.

Payments to whistleblowers are made out of an investor protection fund, established by Congress, which is financed entirely through monetary sanctions paid to the SEC by securities law violators. Whistleblowers may be eligible for an award when they voluntarily provide the SEC with original, timely, and credible information that leads to a successful enforcement action. Whistleblower awards can range from 10 to 30 percent of the money collected when the monetary sanctions exceed $1 million.

As set forth in the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC protects the confidentiality of whistleblowers and does not disclose any information that could reveal a whistleblower’s identity.

For more information about the whistleblower program and how to report a tip, visit www.sec.gov/whistleblower.


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SEC-PR-2024-84

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-84SEC-PR-2024-84 (JUL. 12, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-84

SEC Small Business Advisory Committee to Explore Recent Changes to U.S. Small Business Administration’s Small Business Investment Company Program

Washington D.C., July 12, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission’s Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee today released the agenda for its meeting on Tuesday, July 30, 2024, which will include an exploration of recent changes to the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (SBA) Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program. Members of the public can watch the live meeting via webcast on www.sec.gov.

The Committee, which provides advice and recommendations to the Commission on rules, regulations, and policy matters relating to small businesses, will start the meeting by hearing Committee member observations on the state of small business capital raising. The Committee will also discuss recent changes to the SBIC program designed to increase access and diversify funding for small businesses, start-ups, and fund managers. SBICs are privately-owned and operated investment funds that make investments in U.S. small businesses and are licensed by the SBA. SBICs may obtain access to SBA-guaranteed loans to match privately raised capital, which increases the amount of capital these funds can invest in American small businesses.

To facilitate the discussion, members will hear from an SBIC fund and a practitioner who will, among other things: provide an overview of the SBIC program and recent changes, including the introduction of a new type of SBA-guaranteed loan to private funds; address the regulatory framework governing SBICs; and share their views on successes and challenges to date. The discussion will commence with remarks by Committee member Bailey DeVries, who leads the SBIC program in her role as the SBA’s Associate Administrator and Head of Office of Investment and Innovation.

The full agenda, meeting materials, and information on how to watch the meeting are available on the Committee webpage.


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