Category: Mergers & Acquisitions

Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) involve transactions where companies combine assets, operations, and ownership structures through various strategies such as mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, or tender offers. While these activities are often conducted to create synergies, expand market reach, or enhance operational efficiency, they can also be susceptible to fraud. Fraud in M&A can manifest through several methods: inflated valuations where financial statements or assets are misrepresented to inflate the perceived value of the target company; insider trading where individuals with privileged information about the impending deal use it for personal financial gain; false disclosures or omissions of material information that mislead shareholders or regulatory bodies; and collusion between parties to manipulate stock prices or transaction terms. These fraudulent activities not only undermine the integrity of the M&A process but also expose companies and investors to significant financial and reputational risks, necessitating robust due diligence, transparency, and regulatory oversight to mitigate such risks effectively.

SEC-PR-2024-77

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-77SEC-PR-2024-77 (JUN. 25, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-77

SEC Charges Meta Materials and Former CEOs With Market Manipulation, Fraud and Other Violations

Washington D.C., June 25, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today filed charges against Meta Materials Inc. and its former CEOs, John Brda and George Palikaras. The company has agreed to settle the SEC’s charges in an administrative proceeding, while the SEC’s litigation against Brda and Palikaras will proceed in federal district court.

The SEC’s complaint against Brda and Palikaras alleges that, as a result of a concerted market manipulation scheme, Meta Materials, a Nevada corporation headquartered in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, raised $137.5 million from investors in an at-the-market (ATM) offering in June 2021 immediately prior to the merger of Brda’s Torchlight Energy Resources Inc. and Palikaras’ Metamaterial Inc. that formed Meta Materials.

The SEC’s complaint, filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleges that Brda and Palikaras planned and conducted the manipulative scheme that included, among other things, issuing a preferred stock dividend immediately before the merger. The complaint alleges that Brda and Palikaras told certain investors and consultants—and hinted via social media—that the dividend would force short sellers to exit their positions and trigger a “short squeeze” that would artificially raise the price of the company’s common stock. The SEC further alleges that Brda and Palikaras also misrepresented the company’s efforts to sell its oil and gas assets and distribute proceeds to preferred stockholders, giving investors a false impression of the value of the dividend. While investors held or bought the company’s common stock to receive the dividend, the complaint alleges, the company was cashing in by selling $137.5 million in an ATM offering at prices that the company, Brda, and Palikaras knew were temporarily inflated by their manipulative scheme. “We have two days,” the complaint alleges Brda told Palikaras after the first day of the ATM offering, “to take advantage of the squeeze…”

“The conduct we allege was a sophisticated, yet brazen plan by a public company and its former CEOs to purposely mislead investors in the company’s stock,” said Eric Werner, Director of the SEC’s Fort Worth Regional Office. “This conduct is particularly alarming because it involves public company CEOs who were more concerned with ‘burning the shorts’ than creating long-term value for shareholders.”

The SEC’s complaint charges Brda and Palikaras with violating the antifraud and proxy disclosure provisions of the federal securities laws, and charges Brda with aiding and abetting Meta Materials’s violations of the reporting, internal accounting controls, and books and records provisions. The complaint seeks permanent injunctions, officer-and-director bars, and civil penalties from both defendants. The complaint also seeks disgorgement with pre-judgment interest from Brda.

The SEC also instituted a separate administrative proceeding against Meta Materials, entering a settled order finding that Meta Materials violated the antifraud, reporting, internal accounting controls, and books and records provisions of the federal securities laws. Without admitting or denying the findings, Meta Materials was ordered to cease and desist from violations of the relevant provisions of the federal securities laws and to pay a $1,000,000 penalty.

The SEC’s investigation was conducted by Christopher Rogers and Ty Martinez of the SEC’s Fort Worth Regional Office under the supervision of Samantha Martin, B. David Fraser, and Mr. Werner. The SEC’s litigation against Brda and Palikaras will be conducted by Patrick Disbennett and supervised by Keefe Bernstein.

A separate Commission investigation regarding subsequent events related to Meta Materials (MMTLP) remains ongoing. If you are an individual with information related to this investigation or any other related suspected fraud and you wish to contact the SEC staff, please submit a tip at https://www.sec.gov/tcr.


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SEC-PR-2024-40

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-40SEC-PR-2024-40 (MAR. 26, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-40

SEC Charges Former Arista Networks Chairman Andy Bechtolsheim with Insider Trading

Washington D.C., March 26, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced insider trading charges against Andreas “Andy” Bechtolsheim, the founder and Chief Architect of Silicon Valley-based technology company Arista Networks, Inc. To settle the SEC’s charges, Bechtolsheim agreed to pay a civil penalty of nearly $1 million.

According to the SEC’s complaint, Bechtolsheim misappropriated material nonpublic information regarding the impending acquisition of Acacia Communications, Inc., a manufacturer of highspeed optical interconnect products. The SEC alleges that Bechtolsheim, who was Arista Networks’s chair at the time, learned of Acacia’s impending acquisition on July 8, 2019, through his and Arista Networks’s longstanding relationship with another multinational technology company that was also considering acquiring Acacia and consulted with Bechtolsheim concerning the potential acquisition. Immediately after learning this information, Bechtolsheim allegedly traded Acacia options in the accounts of a close relative and an associate. The next day, July 9, 2019, before the market opened, Acacia and Cisco announced that Cisco had agreed to acquire Acacia for $70 per share. That day, Acacia’s stock price increased by 35.1 percent. According to the SEC’s complaint, Bechtolsheim’s trading generated combined illegal profits of $415,726 in the accounts of his relative and associate. 

“We allege that Bechtolsheim, while serving as the chairman of a publicly traded company, abused the trust of a longtime business contact who had shared highly sensitive information about an imminent corporate acquisition,” said Joseph G. Sansone, Chief of the SEC’s Market Abuse Unit. “We will continue to pursue and prosecute misconduct by trusted insiders at all levels of the corporate hierarchy.”

Without admitting or denying the allegations in the SEC’s complaint, which was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, Bechtolsheim settled the SEC’s charges by agreeing to be barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company for five years and to pay a civil monetary penalty of $923,740. The settlement is subject to court approval.

The SEC’s investigation was conducted by John P. Mogg of the Division of Enforcement’s Market Abuse Unit in the San Francisco Regional Office with assistance from Patrick McCluskey, John S. Rymas, and Ainsley Kerr of the Market Abuse Unit’s Analysis and Detection Center. The matter was supervised by Rahul Kolhatkar and Mr. Sansone. The SEC appreciates the assistance of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.


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SEC-PR-2024-34

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-34SEC-PR-2024-34 (MAR. 12, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-34

SEC Charges Tallgrass Energy’s Former Board Member Roy Cook and Four Others with Insider Trading in Advance of Blackstone Acquisition

Washington D.C., March 12, 2024 —

The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced insider trading charges against Roy Cook, a former board member of Tallgrass Energy LP, and four of his friends for trading on material nonpublic information in advance of a public announcement that Blackstone Infrastructure Partners had offered to acquire Tallgrass and take it private. The SEC also charged Cook for failing to file required disclosure reports concerning securities transactions by family trusts. All five of the defendants agreed to settlements that, in aggregate, include more than $2.2 million in disgorgement, prejudgment interest, and civil penalties.

According to the SEC’s complaint, Cook learned in late July 2019 that Blackstone, which had acquired 44 percent of Tallgrass’s public shares earlier that year, was planning to make an offer to acquire the remainder of Tallgrass’s publicly traded shares. Within weeks of learning that information, Cook allegedly tipped his friends, Jeffrey Natrop, Peter Renner, James Rudolph, and Peter Williams, who all purchased Tallgrass securities prior to an August 27, 2019, public announcement of Blackstone’s offer.

The complaint alleges that Natrop and Renner, who were friends and business associates of Cook’s, purchased Tallgrass call options on August 8 and 9, 2019, which resulted in illicit profits of $43,862 for Natrop and $13,520 for Renner. The complaint further alleges that Cook tipped Rudolph while the two were in the Bahamas celebrating Rudolph’s birthday on Rudolph’s yacht and that Rudolph purchased Tallgrass stock on August 6, 2019, which resulted in illicit profits of $31,035. The complaint also alleges that Cook tipped Williams, his long-time friend and personal accountant, and that Williams purchased call options on August 19 and 21, 2019, which resulted in illicit profits of $463,000.

Following the August 27 announcement, which saw Tallgrass shares increase by 36 percent, Cook served for several months as chair of a Tallgrass Conflicts Committee tasked with assessing Blackstone’s offer and negotiating the final terms of the transaction. In connection with this role, Cook allegedly learned material nonpublic information about the status of the negotiations that he communicated to Williams, who purchased Tallgrass stock in a Cook family trust account over which he had trading authority, resulting in $88,800 of illicit profits for Cook. The complaint further alleges that, on December 10, 2019, while on vacation in Chile, Cook tipped Williams more material nonpublic information about the status of the negotiations, and Williams purchased more call options in his personal account, resulting in additional illicit profits of $61,525.

“As our complaint alleges, Roy Cook took advantage of his position as a Tallgrass director to repeatedly enrich himself and his friends,” said Mark Cave, Associate Director of the SEC’s Division of Enforcement. “We will hold accountable board members and others who misuse inside information for their own benefit and violate the trust placed in them by shareholders.”

The SEC complaint, filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, charges the defendants with violating the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and charges Cook with failing to file required reports concerning Tallgrass securities transactions by family trusts. Without admitting or denying the allegations in the complaint, Cook agreed to pay a civil penalty of $801,742 and disgorge his illicit trading profits, with prejudgment interest. Cook also agreed to an officer-and-director bar.

Without admitting or denying the allegations, each of the other four defendants agreed to pay a civil penalty equal to the amount of their allegedly illicit trading profits and disgorge their illicit trading profits, with prejudgment interest.

The SEC’s investigation was conducted by David Frisof and Brian Vann, with assistance from Dean M. Conway, James Carlson, and Brian Shute. The case was supervised by Brian Quinn.

The SEC appreciates the assistance of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the FBI, and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey.


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FTC-PR-240307-1

FTC-PR-240307-1 (Mar. 7, 2024)


XCL Resources Seeks FTC’s Prior Approval for Altamont Energy Acquisition – FTC invites public to comment on pending oil & gas acquisition

The Federal Trade Commission is requesting public comment on an application from XCL Resources Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of private equity firm EnCap Investment L.P., seeking prior approval from the agency to complete its proposed acquisition of Altamont Energy, LLC, an oil and gas operator in the Uinta Basin region of Utah.


FTC News Release - FTC-PR-240307-1

FTC-PR-240307-1

Date: Mar. 7, 2024

Accessed: Sep. 1, 2024

Source URL: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/03/xcl-resources-seeks-ftcs-prior-approval-altamont-energy-acquisition

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SEC-PR-2024-30

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-30SEC-PR-2024-30 (MAR. 1, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-30

SEC Charges Advisory Firm HG Vora for Disclosure Failures Ahead of Ryder Acquisition Bid.

Washington D.C., March 1, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced settled charges against New York-based investment adviser HG Vora Capital Management LLC for its failure to make timely ownership disclosures in the lead-up to its May 2022 acquisition bid for trucking fleet company Ryder System Inc. HG Vora agreed to pay a $950,000 civil penalty to settle the SEC’s charges.

Under the federal securities laws, a company that owns more than five percent of a public company’s stock must report its position and whether it has a control purpose, which is an intention to influence or control the company. According to the SEC’s order, on Feb. 14, 2022, HG Vora disclosed that it owned 5.6 percent of Ryder’s common stock as of Dec. 31, 2021, and certified that it did not have a control purpose. The order states that HG Vora then built up its position to 9.9 percent of Ryder’s stock and formed a control purpose no later than April 26, 2022. The federal securities laws therefore required it to report its control purpose and its current ownership position by May 6, 2022, but it did not report this information until May 13. On that same day, HG Vora sent a letter to Ryder proposing to buy all Ryder shares for $86 a share, a sizeable premium over the trading price. Before the letter to Ryder and its filing, and after forming a control purpose, HG Vora purchased swap agreements that gave it economic exposure to the equivalent of 450,000 more shares of Ryder common stock. After HG Vora’s public announcement of its bid on May 13, 2022, Ryder’s stock price increased significantly.

“The federal laws and SEC rules covering ownership disclosure help keep investors fully informed about control – and potential changes in control – of publicly traded companies,” said Mark Cave, Associate Director of the SEC’s Division of Enforcement. “But, according to today’s order, HG Vora deprived Ryder shareholders of information about its significant stake in the company, while building a large swaps position from which it stood to profit after announcing the Ryder takeover bid.”

The SEC’s order finds that HG Vora violated the beneficial ownership provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Without admitting or denying the findings, HG Vora agreed to cease and desist from future violations and to pay the civil penalty discussed above. On Oct. 10, 2023, the SEC adopted rules shortening the deadline for filing an initial Schedule 13D from 10 to five business days. HG Vora was found to have violated the rules in effect at the time of the conduct at issue in the SEC’s order by filing this report more than 10 days after forming a control purpose.

The SEC’s investigation was conducted by Jonathan Cowen with assistance from Robert Nesbitt of the Office of Market Intelligence and Nicholas Panos from the Office of Mergers & Acquisitions. The investigation was supervised by Assistant Director Jeffrey Weiss and Mr. Cave.


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FTC-PR-240226-1

FTC-PR-240226-1 (Feb. 26, 2024)


FTC Challenges Kroger’s Acquisition of Albertsons – Largest supermarket merger in U.S. history will eliminate competition and raise grocery prices for millions of Americans, while harming tens of thousands of workers, FTC alleges

The Federal Trade Commission today sued to block the largest proposed supermarket merger in U.S. history—Kroger Company’s $24.6 billion acquisition of the Albertsons Companies, Inc.—alleging that the deal is anticompetitive.


FTC News Release - FTC-PR-240226-1

PR-240226-1

Date: Feb. 26, 2024

Accessed: Sep. 6, 2024

Source URL:  https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-challenges-krogers-acquisition-albertsons

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SEC-PR-2024-24

SEC NEWS - SEC-PR-2024-24SEC-PR-2024-24 (FEB. 22, 2024)

PRESS RELEASE | 2024-24

SEC Charges Husband of Energy Company Manager with Insider Trading. Spouse purchased stock using non-public information about the planned merger.

Washington D.C., Feb. 22, 2024 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged Tyler Loudon of Houston, Texas, with insider trading ahead of a February 2023 announcement that London-based oil and gas company BP p.l.c. agreed to acquire TravelCenters of America Inc., a full-service truck stop and travel center company headquartered in Ohio. Loudon allegedly made $1.76 million in illegal profits from his trading.

According to the SEC’s complaint, Loudon allegedly misappropriated material, nonpublic information about the proposed acquisition from his wife, a BP mergers and acquisitions manager who worked on the planned deal. The SEC alleges that Loudon overheard several of his wife’s work-related conversations about the merger while she was working remotely. Without his wife’s knowledge, Loudon purchased 46,450 shares of TravelCenters stock before the merger was announced on February 16, 2023. As a result of the announcement, TravelCenters’ stock rose nearly 71 percent. Loudon allegedly immediately sold all of his TravelCenters shares for a profit of $1.76 million.

“We allege that Mr. Loudon took advantage of his remote working conditions and his wife’s trust to profit from information he knew was confidential,” said Eric Werner, Regional Director of the SEC’s Fort Worth Regional Office. “The SEC remains committed to prosecuting such malfeasance.”

The SEC’s complaint, filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, charges Loudon with violating the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws. Without denying the allegations in the SEC’s complaint, Loudon consented to the entry of a partial judgment, subject to court approval, permanently enjoining him from violating the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws, imposing an officer and director bar, and ordering that he pay disgorgement with prejudgment interest and a civil penalty in amounts to be determined by the Court.

In a parallel action, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Texas announced criminal charges against Loudon today.

The SEC’s ongoing investigation is being conducted by Julia Huseman and Jamie Haussecker of the SEC’s Fort Worth Regional Office, under the supervision of Jim Etri and B. David Fraser. The litigation will be led by Jason Rose and supervised by Keefe Bernstein. The SEC appreciates the assistance of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the FBI, and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Texas.  


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